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W. H. CLARK.

GALGULATOR.

No. 527,943. Patented 001.. 23,1894.

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W. H.- CLARK.

CALCULATOR.

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W. H. CLARK.

CALCULATOR.

No. 527,943. Patented Oct. 23,1894.

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(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 4.

W. H. CLARK.

CALCULATOR.

v N0. 527,943. Patented Oct. 23, 1894.

(No Mode-1.) -5 Sheets-Sheet 5.

W. H. CLARK.

CALCULATOR.

N. 527,943. Patented-0st. 23,1894.

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UNITED STATES PATENT GEEICE.

ILLIAM H. CLARK, OF ERIE, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO B. B.BROWN, OF SAME PLACE.

CALCU LATO R.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 527,943, dated October23, 1894.

Application filed April 13, 1894:.v Serial No. 507,405- (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it. known that I, WILLIAM H. CLARK, a citizen of the United States,residing at Erie, in the county of Erie and State of Pennsylvania,haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Adding-ll/Iachines; andI do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exactdescription of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in theart to which ,o it appertans to make and use the same.

My invention relates to adding machines, and particularly tothat typethereof wherein balls are used to represent numerals, and it consists incertain improvements in the con- I struction thereof as willbehereinafter fully set forth and pointed out in the claims.

My invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, as follows:

Figure 1 is a top view of the machine with 2o parts removed to showconstruction below the cover. Fig. 2 is a transverse section on the line2-2 in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is also a top view with parts removed, showingfeatures of construction below the cover and above Fig. 4 is atransverse section on the line 4--4 in Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a longitudinalsection on the line 5-5 in Fig. 3. Fig. 6 is a side view of the ratchetdevice K and pawl H3 seen on the left o of Fig. 3. Fig. 7 is a side Viewof the key action and other parts with frame broken away, the point ofview being from the right of Figs. 1 and 3,and,hence, from the oppositepoint from the view in Fig. 5. Fig. S is an elevationalview of means forelevating the balls for re-use and other parts, the point of view beingfrom the front of the machine, the keys being removed. Fig. 9 is anelevational view from .the rear of the machine, with parts broken awayto show internal construction.

The construction of the machine and its Operation will appear from thefollowing general description.

A A mark the side pieces of the frame work;

A', the top or cover; A2, the ball reservoir; A3, the dial; A4, a framepiece below the cover in which are the ways for the balls, and on whichparts of the mechanism are secured; A5, framew strips at each end of themachine along the 5o under side of the piece A4 which have ledges ai andto which the bars E are pivoted; Aa

cross f rame piece or bar, which serves as a support for some of theparts of the machine; B, thefin ger pieces, and B', the levers of thekeys.

Otherletters and figures of reference will be referred to whendescribing the parts which they designate.

The machine as illustrated is capable of indicating any amount up toninety-nine thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine units, but 6o it maybe made to indicate ten, or one hundred, or one thousand, or more, timesthat amount by duplicating parts.

The dial displays as many channels for balls as the machine is designedto indicate units. and multiples (by ten) of units. Hence, as themachine illustrated is capable of indicating ninety-nine thousand ninehundred and ninety-nine units there are five channels a4, and as themachine is designed for computing 7o transactions in money of the UnitedStates, these channels are respectively the representtative of cents,dimes, dollars, and hundreds of dollars, and the spaces of each channelare numbered from the bottom upwardly thus: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,9, and by operation of the machine as willhereinafter appear, wheneverthere are ten balls in any of'the channels, except the highest indenomination, they are discharged, and one ball is added to the next 8ohighest channel. In Fig. l the dial indicates $122.39.

n a patent issued to me on March 10,1894, No. 516,985, Iillustrate amachine having the capabilities of the one here represented, but in thatmachine the results are obtained by very different mechanism, and theprocesses of the machine differ materially. For example, in the patentedmachine the tenth ball in each channel is carried over and discharged 9ointo the next highest channel and the remaining nine balls escape into areservoir from which they run downin channels where they are fed tocounters which when operated, lift them up and discharge them into thedial channels; while in the present machine no balls are carried overinto channels of higher denomination, but all ten are discharged, and atthe same time a new ball is added to the next higher channel, and inthis machine roo j the balls are not lifted by the counters, but lareconveyed, after leaving the dial channels,

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up into an elevated reservoir and from there pass by gravity intoconduits leading toward fthe dial, from which conduits they areseparated by counters and discharged into the 5 dial chambers.

Now looking at Figs. 5 and 3, A2 is the reservoir, a2 are the conduitsleading from the reservoir and J the conduits leading up to thereservoir, and a4, the dial channels. By observing Fig. 3 it will beseen that the conduits a2 andthe channnels a3 above the dials A8 lieside by side and parallel, and throughout the space where these ways arethus contiguous there are eXible covers a over the conduits a2, thatretain the balls in place but will yield, under pressure and allow theballs to be ejected from under said covers sidewise into the channelsa4. It will be seen that these covers are divided into sections by slotsThus the first cover a on the right of Fig. 3 has, beginning at itslower end, a section covering one ball, then a section covering twoballs, then a section covering three balls, then a section covering fiveballs, and then another covering tive. Now, as will be explained indetail farther on, when key 1 is pressed, the ball under the narrowestsection of cover a is ejectedinto channel a4 and rolls down into view,and when key 2 is pressed the two balls under the next section areejected, and so on, and when keys 3 and l are pressed simultaneouslyfour balls will be ejected. These sections I havenumbered according tothe number of balls held by them. In thcother covers is found, at thebottom, a section marked o, which holds a ball to be ejected wheneverten balls are released from the nextlower channel. The second cover o.from the lright of Fig. 3 covers balls representing tens of units ordimes, and there are sections for 1, 2, 3, 5 and also two balls in asection marked 2', and in the next or third cover there are sections forI, 2 and 5 balls. In all the channels except the first there aresections from which balls are not ejected. These are located to till thechannel and allow a more convenient location of the levers.

The sections marked 2 and 5 in the tens and units covers cover ballsthat are ejected simultaneously when the twenty-tive-cenfl key isactuated. When the ten-cent key is actu-v ated a ball is ejected fromunder the cover section l in the second cover from the right of Fig. 3;when the twenty-cent key is actuated two balls held by section 2 of thesame cover are ejected; when the thirty-cent key is actuated the ballsare ejected from under section 3 when the fifty-cent key is depressedfive balls are ejected from under cover section 5; when the one-dollarkey is depressed the ball under section I of the third cover is ejected;whenthe two-dollar key is depressed the balls under section 2 of thethird cover are ejected, and when key $5 is depressed the five ballsheld by cover section 5 ofthe third cover are ejected. It will thereforebe understood that keys l, 2, 3, and 5 act to eject balls from under thefirst cover; keys 10, 20, 30, 50, act to eject balls from under thesecond cover; keys $1, $2, $3, act to eject balls from under the thirdcover, and key 25 acts to eject two balls from under the second coverand tive from under the first. It now remains to describe the means bywhich these results are effected, together with the means by which theballs are returned to the reservoir after being discharged ftom thedial.

It will be seen that the balls pass from the reservoir through theconduits a2 by gravity and find their places automatically under thecovers a', also that the balls when ejected from the conduit a2 fallinto the channels a* and are displayed on the dial. The direct means forejecting the balls from under the cover-sections are wedge-formedplungers e carried on levers E, below the frame piece A4, said plungersacting up through slots in said part A4. (These plungers may be calledejectors, or separators.) These ejectors e vary in width according tothe number of balls they are designed to displace. There are, in themachine illustrated, twelve keys, and there are twelve ejector-levers E,which are pivoted at e2 on one of the frame pieces A5 and their looseends are supported by the ledge c5 on the opposite piece Ai", and I havepivoted each alternate bar on one frame piece A5`and the other on theother piece A5. On each bar E there is a depending lug e which contactswith the proper key. (See Fig. 9 for the best illustration of this.)

The key levers B are pivoted on a cross rod b and rest at their rearends on the rod B2 and on each lever is a hub or boss b2, by which theyare all kept properly spaced. The rear ends of the key levers arepointed at b, and increase in width by a regular catenary curve.

A bail or frame formed of two side levers C C, and cross rods C and C2is pivoted also, on the rod b', the rod C', being below the key leversB', in front of the pivot and the rod C2, being above the key leversback of the pivot, so that whenever any one or more of the key-leversare depressed the bail or frame is tilted. The side pieces C of theframe or bail extend back ofthe cross rod C2 and connect by pivots cwith toggle-links D3. A rock shaft D', passes across the machine belowthe rear ends of the key-levers and toggle-links D connect it withtoggle-links D3 and a rod D2 which serves as a pivot for thetoggle-links passes across the machine immediately in the rear of thepoints b, of the key levers when they are at rest. By observing Fig. 5this construction will be clearly seen, and the parts are shown bydotted lines in changed position. Whenever any one or more keys aredepressed, the bail O, C', C2, lifts the toggle-link D3 and this drawsthe rod D2 forward over the tops of the key levers that are at rest andunder those that are in action, and as a ratchet device, to be explainedfarther IIO on, serves to prevent any reaction of a key lever after itbegins a movement until said movementis completed. The rod D2 serves tolock all unactuated key levers against action until the acting key leverhas completed its action. The shaft D is rocked by the toggles D', D3,as before stated. On the outer end of the shaft D, at the right of Figs.l and 3 and the left of Fig. 9, is a crank arm D4, seen also inelevation in Fig. 7. Near the front of the machine is another rock shaftH, which is provided with a crank arm D, and a bar D5, connects the'rockarm D4 therewith, so that as the shaft D, is rocked, the shaft H, isalso rocked.

On the left side of the machine, opposite the rock arm D, on the shaftH, is a pawl arm H3, carrying a pawl k (see Fig. 6) which acts upon anarc-formed ratchet K, that is pivoted at k3 and is yieldingly held inposit-ion by a spring h4. On the lower end of the arc-formed piece K,that is pivoted at kand is yieldingly held in position byaspring 7a4. Onthe lower end of the arc-formed piece K is a cam face K and on the sideabove the cam face are ratchet teeth 7c', which point upwardly and onthe edge are ratchet teethv k2 that point downwardly. The shaft H iscapable of longitudinal movement which movement is resisted by a springh6. (See Fig. 8.)

When the shaft H, is rocked, the pawl lo, moves up the cam face K anddraws the shaft H longitudinally toward the left of the machine and thenthe pawl passes over the ratchet teeth 7c and as soon as it reaches thetop the spring h draws the shaft H back and the pawl la is broughtagainst the edge of the ratchet K and upon the teeth 7a2, over which itdescends, the spring 7a4, yielding to allow the movement. It will thusbe seen that at each movementof a key lever or of any number of themmoved simultaneously, the ratchet K prevents any backward movement andcompels a completed movement to be made, and the bail C, O', C2, abovedescribed, prevents a movement being begun by one key and finished byanother.

On the longitudinally moving pitman bar Dis which connects the rock armsD4 and D6 there is a cam d5. This cam contacts with the endof a crossbar F, which has a cam face fat its end, and moves the barlongitudinally, and a spring f2 on the opposite side of the machinereacts the bar F. (See Figs. 3 andS.) At intervals along the bar F, arelingers f', thatpass up through openings in the grooved plate A4 belowthe dial and exactly far enough above the lower end of the channels a4to ad mit ten balls below the points of said fingers. In depressions inthe plate A4 between the channels a4 there are pivoted levers G, thatare held vertically by springs g6 and have lugs g on aline with thelingers f on the bar F. These pivoted levers also have arms g at theirlower end which serve as gates to close the lower ends of the grdves a4,and at their upper ends they have fingers g2 on the opposite side fromthe lugs g and arms g', which stand immediately back of the lowest ballin the conduits a2 and which are held in place by the sections 0 of thespring covers d.

lt will be seen that whenever any one or more of the keys are depressedthe bar F is moved longitudinally. Now when this occurs, the fingers fon said bar move across the channels a4 and if there are more than tenballs in any of said channels (as for example see the dotted ball inFig. 3), the eleventh ball will be gripped between the finger f on thebar F, and the lug g on t-he lever G, and as the movement proceeds, thelever G, will be moved pivotally, and this will open the gate at thebottom of the channel a4 and allow the tenballs to escape and it willalso cause the finger g2 to push a ball into the next higher channel.Vhen the bar F reacts, the levers G will react and the ball held betweenthe tingerf and the lug g will be released and will fall to the bottomof the channel where it will be held by the gate g. As the balls leavethe channels a4 they pass into a circumferential, open-sided groove h',in the edges of semi-circular blocks H that are secured by screws h tothe frame pieces A4and A6, and through them the shaft H passes loosely.(See Figs. 5, 7, and 8.)

It will be seen that the shaft H at each action both rocks and moveslongitudinally. On said shaft H in proximity to each of said halt' disksH are arms H2 secured to the shaft, and having pins h2 at their endstoward the yhalf disks. Then the shaft H, is moved, it iirst rocks, andas it does so moves to the left, then moves to the right and then rocksback. The longitudinal movement toward the left at the beginning of thestroke causes the pins h2, to enter the slots 7L', and as the arms areadvanced, the pins push the balls before them, in the slots h out of thedisks into tubes J which lead up to the reservoir, and a pawl I preventsthe ejected balls from returning. The arms H2, then move to the rightwith the shaft H, thus withdrawing the pins from the slotted grooves h',and then the arms rock back into normal position.

As represented in the drawings there are in fact a series of reservoirs,fo.l the conduits are separate and distinct from each other so that theballs of one conduit never enter the other conduits. Thislconsider to beadvantageous,because where there is a common reservoir from which theballs are expected to pass into the several ways they are apt to becomeclogged by arching; but I do not intend to be necessarily confined to aseries of reservoirs.

It will be seen that in the machine as constructed there are a series ofseparate ways for the balls, one for units, one for tens, one forhundreds, and so on, and that balls used in one way never enter theother ways. Each way is a complete circuit with its ends lapping and thecounting or tallying is effected l'OO by transferring the balls from oneend of the circuit to the other at the point of lapping, as where thegrooves a2 and a4 are side by side.

I do not wish to be limited to the use of balls, as other forms of tallypieces may be used.

The gate g closing the bottom of the groove of highest denomination ison a lever G which is intended to be operated manually, and not as arethe levers G.

The machine is not limited to adding by tens or multiples of ten. Therst groove or way may represent, for example tive cent fares, and thenext dollars or twenty fares and so on.

What I claim as new isl. In an adding machine, the combination of acircuitous way for the continuous passage of tally pieces; a series oftally pieces in said way; a dial for observing the tally pieces at acertain point in said way and indicating the number of pieces in View insaid way; a series of key levers of different designated values;mechanisms connected with said key lever, that actuate a number of tallypieces in said Way equal to the designated value of the key leversoperated upon.

2. In an adding machine, the combination of a series of circuitous Ways,for the passage of tally pieces, one for units, one for tens, one forhundreds, tbc.; a series of tally pieces in each of said Ways; a dialfor observing the tally pieces at a certain point in said ways andindicating the numberot such pieces in view in each of said ways; aseries of key-levers having keys designated by numerals; mechanismwhereby the keys having designated numerals representing units, tens orhundreds only will, when actuated, operate to bring a correspondingnumber of tallypieces into View in the corresponding Ways, and wherebythe keys having designating numerals combining both tens and units will,when actuated, operate to bringa corresponding number of tally-piecesinto view in the tens and the units ways respectively; and mechanisms,operated from said keys, whereby the tally-pieces are discharged fromview and moved onward in said ways into position for reuse, themovements of said tally pieces being continuous in the way to which theybelong.

3. In an adding machine, the combination of a series of Waysrepresentingin serial order a series of denominations such as cents,dimes, dollars, or five cents, dollars, hundreds of dollars as the casemay be; tally pieces movable in each of said ways and representing unitsof each of said denominations; and a series of mechanisms, one for eachWay, which are operated only when the tally pieces accumulated in theway to which they belong equal the tally pieces in the next higher way,and when operated, actuate a tally piece in the next higher Way anddischarge from View the equivalent thereof in the way to which saidmechanism belongs.

4:. In an adding machine, the combination of a series of ways for thepassage and exhibition of tally-pieces; said Ways representing in serialorder a series of denominations such as cents, dimes, dollars, or [ivecents, dollars, hundreds of dollars, as the ease may be; tally-piecesmovable in each of said ways and representing units of each of saiddenominations; a series of gates, one for each way, which are operatedonly when the tallypieces accumulated in the way to which they belongequal the value of one tally'piece in the next higher way, and whenoperated actuate a talley-piece in the next higher way and dischargefrom View the equivalent thereof in the wayto which the operated gatebelongs.

5. In an adding machine, the combination ot` a series of circuitous waysfor the continuous passage and exhibition of tally pieces; said waysrepresenting in serial order a series of denominations such as cents,dimes, dollars, 0r tive cents, dollars, hundreds ot' dollars, as thecase may be; tally pieces, each moving continuously in the way to whichit belongs, representing units of each of said denominations; a seriesof mechanisms, one for each way, which are operated only when the tallypieces accumulated in the way to which they belong equal the tallypieces in the next higher Way, and When actuated operate a tally piecein the next higher Way and discharge from view the equivalent thereof inthe Way to which said mechanism belongs.

6. In an adding machine, the combination of a series of circuitous waysfor the passage and exhibition of tallypieces; said ways representing inserial order a series of denominations such as cents, dimes, dollars, ortive cents, dollars, hundreds of dollars, as the case may be;tally-pieces each moving continuously in the way to which it belongs andrepresenting units of each of said denominations; a series of gates, onefor each way, which are operated only when the tally-pieces accumulatedin the way to which they belong equal the value of one tally-piece iuthe next higher way, and when operated actuate a tally-piece in the nexthigher Way and discharge from View the equivalent thereof in the Way towhich the operated gate belongs.

7. In an adding machine,the combination of a series of ways for thepassage of tallypieces, said ways representing, in serial order, units,tens, hundreds1 duc.; a series of tally-pieces in each of said ways; adial at which the tally-pieces in each of said ways are held in View; aseries of keys of diderent indicated value, one or more for each of saidways; and a series of mechanisms, one for each way and controlled bysaid keys, which when operated, cause as many tally-pieces to move,within their associated way, as equal the designated value of theoperated key or keys, and to discharge from View at the dial tentally-pieces Whenever more than ten have IOC accumulated, and, at thesame time, actuate one of the tally-pieces contained in the Way of nexthigher denomination.

8. In an adding machine, the combination of a series of Ways for thepassage and exhibition of tally pieces; said'ways representing in serialorder a series of denominations such as cents, dimes, dollars, or fivecents, dollars, hundreds of dollars as the case may be: tally piecesmovable in each of said ways and representing units of each of saiddenominations; a series of mechanisms one for each Way, which areoperated only when the tally pieces accumulated in the Way to Which theybelong, equal the tally pieces in the next higher Way, and when operatedactuate a tally piece in the next higher Way and discharge from View theequivalent thereof in the Way to which said mechanism belongs; and meansfor moving the tally pieces discharged into position for re-use.

9. In an adding machine, the combination of a series of circuitous Waysfor the continuous passage of tally-pieces, said Ways representing inserial order a series of denominations, which increase in value in aregular ratio; a series of tally-pieces confined in each of said Ways; aseries of gates, one for each way, which close said ways and cause thetally-pieces to accumulate for exhibition; mechanisms for opening saidgates when the accumulated tally-pieces in the Way which theyrespectively close equal the value of one tally-piece in the next higherway; means on said gates for actuating said tally-piece in the nexthigher Way When said gates are opened; and means for moving thetallypieces discharged by said gates into position for use.

10. In an adding machine, the combination of a series of circuitous waysfor the passage of tally-pieces, the ends of Which Ways lap past eachother, and mechanisms for transferring the tally-pieces from one of saidlapped ends to the other.

11. In an adding machine, the combination of a series of circuitous Waysfor the passage of tally-pieces, the ends a2 and a4 of which Ways lappast each other; spring covers o.' for yieldingly holding thetally-pieces in the grooves a2; separators e', for pushing thetallypieces from the groove a2 past the cover ct and into the groove0,4, and key-actuated mechanism for operating said separators.

12. In a machine of the class herein shown, the combination of a seriesof key-levers B', having their rear ends pointed as shown; a bailpivotod concentrically with said keylevers and moved by the action ofeach of said keys; the toggles D', D3 moved by said bail; and the rod D2carried by said toggles into position below any operated key-lever andabove the unoperated key-levers and thereby holding the unoperatedkey-levers against operation.

13. In a machine of the class herein shown, the combination of thekey-levers; a bail or frame moved by said key-levers, the rockshaft Dmoved by saidframe acting through the toggles D', D3; the rockshaft H,moved by gearing connecting it with the rock shaft D; a paWl arm H3 onsaid shaft II, that carries a pawl 7c and a ratchet K that engages saidpawl and compels each key movement to be continued until inished.

14. In a machine of the class herein shown, the combination With theWays through which the tally-pieces are moved of the shaft II, which isadapted to be rocked and moved longitudinally through the action of thekeylevers; arms H2 on said shaft carrying pins h2, which operate to movethe tally-pieces in said ways against the action of gravity as` saidshaft is actuated; and means for preventing the reaction of saidtally-pieces by gravity.

15. In a machine of the class herein shown, the combination with theplate A4, having a series of sets of parallel grooves 0.2 a4; a seriesof bars E, below said plate having thereon separators e' which move inopenings in said plate and act to transfer tally-pieces from the groovesd2 to the grooves a4; and keylevers that operate said bars E.

16. In a machine of the class herein shown, the combination with theways through which the tally-pieces pass of gates G, for closing saidways and actuating a tally piece in the next higher Way; the transversebar F, having fingers f', for moving said gates; and keyactuatedmechanism for moving said bar F, longitudinally.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two Witnesses.

WILLIAM Il. CLARK.

Witnesses:

JN0. K. HALLocK, H. A. STRONG.

IOO

